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About Search engines

Why you need Search engine optimization?

» Is your site currently ranked in the top 10 on the major search engines? If the answer is an emphatic "no", let the search engine optimization experts boost your ranking. Web site promotion is more than simply submitting your Web site to thousands of search engines. If you really want to generate traffic -- and revenue -- you must tweak your site to include specific keywords and features the search engines look for when spidering your Web site. This tweaking is known as search engine optimization or Web site optimization and is included in all of Submit Today’s search engine optimization.

With Submit Today’s search engine optimization, your Web site will be analyzed, optimized and submitted for top ranking with an ever-growing list of search.

» So, how does it work? After a complete review of your existing Web site and a study of your competition, we thoroughly research the keywords that will bring you targeted traffic. We will then fully optimize your site for maximum ranking potential. Lastly, we manually submit your site to the top search engines. All of our search engine optimization techniques are highly ethical -- we (SEO Experts India) don't use "illegal" search engine optimization tactics such as cloaking, doorway pages or hidden text to achieve top ranking.

Our proven search engine optimization are designed to achieve long-term search engine rankings for our clients through the use of ethical search engine optimization techniques. In addition to the search engine optimization and submission of your Web site.

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What Are Search Engines?

A search engine is a database system designed to index and categorize internet addresses, otherwise known as URLs (for example, http://www.google.com).
There are four basic types of search engines:

» Automatic: These search engines are based on information that is collected, sorted and analyzed by software programs, commonly referred to as "robots", "spiders", or "crawlers". These spiders crawl through web pages collecting information, which is then analyzed and categorized, into an "index". When you conduct a search using one of these search engines, you are really searching the index. The results of the search will depend on the contents of that index and its relevancy to your query.
» Directories: A directory is a searchable subject guide of Web sites that have been reviewed and compiled by human editors. These editors decide which sites to list, and, in which categories.
Meta: Meta search engines use automated technology to gather information from a spider and then deliver a summary of that information as the results of a search to the end user.
» Pay-per-click (PPC): A search engine that determines ranking according to the dollar amount you pay for each click from that search engine to your site. Examples of PPC search engines are Overture.com and FindWhat.com. The highest ranking goes to the highest bidder.
There are a few downfalls you should know about using PPCs:
» The use of PPC search engines will not improve your search engine positioning in the regular editorial search results. Instead, they will most always appear in a "Sponsored" or "Featured" area located at the top or side of the regular search page results. Even though your paid listing will appear at the top of the search page, many users will not click on paid listings because they look at it as an advertisement. In the past, people used to always click on banner ads, but now they are seen more of as a nuisance. Similarly, the same thing is happening with PPC listings. Also, PPC listings are not always as relevant to a query as the editorial search results.

»
If your site is not effectively search engine optimized before you begin to submit it to a PPC, it will still be poorly advertised afterwards. The optimization of your Web site is critical to the success of your rankings.

» When you stop paying for a PPC submission, your listing disappears and so does the traffic.
PPCs can be an effective short-term solution for gaining exposure and driving immediate traffic to your Web site while you wait for full indexing, but it can become expensive if you use it as a long-term solution.

How Do Search Engines Work?

Search engines compile their databases with the aid of spiders (a.k.a. robots). These search engine spiders crawl the Internet from link to link, identifying Web pages. Once search engine spiders find a Web site, they index the content on those pages, making the URLs available to Internet users. In turn, owners of Web sites submit their URLs to search engines for crawling and, ultimately, inclusion in their databases. This is known as search engine submission.
When you use search engines to find something on the Internet, you're basically asking the search engine to scan its database and match your keywords and phrases with the content of the URLs they have on file at that time. Spiders regularly return to the URLs they index to look for changes. When changes occur, the index is updated to reflect the new information.

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Search Engines?

Pro: With the vast wealth of information available on the Internet, search engines are the most effective and efficient way to find information based on your specific search requests.
Con: Because search engines index mass quantities of data, you are likely to get irrelevant responses for certian search requests.

Are Search Engines All the Same?


Search results vary from search engine to search engine in terms of size, speed and content. The results will also vary based on the ranking criteria the search engines use. If you aren't getting the results you need, try a different search engine. While the results may not be wildly different, you may get a few search results from one search engine that you didn't from another.

How Do Search Engines Rank Web Pages?

The citation (link) graph of the web is an important resource that has largely gone unused in existing web search engines. We have created maps containing as many as 518 million of these hyperlinks, a significant sample of the total. These maps allow rapid calculation of a web page's "PageRank", an objective measure of its citation importance that corresponds well with people's subjective idea of importance. Because of this correspondence, PageRank is an excellent way to prioritize the results of web keyword searches. For most popular subjects, a simple text matching search that is restricted to web page titles performs admirably when PageRank prioritizes the results (demo available at google.stanford.edu). For the type of full text searches in the main Google system, PageRank also helps a great deal.

Description of PageRank Calculation

Academic citation literature has been applied to the web, largely by counting citations or backlinks to a given page. This gives some approximation of a page's importance or quality. PageRank extends this idea by not counting links from all pages equally, and by normalizing by the number of links on a page. PageRank is defined as follows:
We assume page A has pages T1...Tn which point to it (i.e., are citations). The parameter d is a damping factor which can be set between 0 and 1. We usually set d to 0.85. There are more details about d in the next section. Also C(A) is defined as the number of links going out of page A. The PageRank of a page A is given as follows:
PR(A) = (1-d) + d (PR(T1)/C(T1) + ... + PR(Tn)/C(Tn))
Note that the PageRanks form a probability distribution over web pages, so the sum of all web pages' PageRanks will be one.
PageRank or PR(A) can be calculated using a simple iterative algorithm, and corresponds to the principal eigenvector of the normalized link matrix of the web. Also, a PageRank for 26 million web pages can be computed in a few hours on a medium size workstation. There are many other details which are beyond the scope of this paper.
Intuitive Justification
PageRank can be thought of as a model of user behavior. We assume there is a "random surfer" who is given a web page at random and keeps clicking on links, never hitting "back" but eventually gets bored and starts on another random page. The probability that the random surfer visits a page is its PageRank. And, the d damping factor is the probability at each page the "random surfer" will get bored and request another random page. One important variation is to only add the damping factor d to a single page, or a group of pages. This allows for personalization and can make it nearly impossible to deliberately mislead the system in order to get a higher ranking.

Another intuitive justification is that a page can have a high PageRank if there are many pages that point to it, or if there are some pages that point to it and have a high PageRank. Intuitively, pages that are well cited from many places around the web are worth looking at. Also, pages that have perhaps only one citation from something like the Yahoo! homepage are also generally worth looking at. If a page was not high quality, or was a broken link, it is quite likely that Yahoo's homepage would not link to it. PageRank handles both these cases and everything in between by recursively propagating weights through the link structure of the web.
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Search Engine Optimization Tips

Search engine optimization can be difficult and confusing. Knowing this we decided to put together some tips to help you with the process. They cover everything you need to know about optimizing your web pages for the search engines quickly and easily.

Site Design/Set-Up Problems

If your site does not use Frames, Flash, Javascript, Image Maps, or Dynamic URLs you can skip to the next tip, or go back to the main search engine optimization tips page.
Unfortunately for some of you there are some site design/set up issues that can make it very difficult for the search engines to list your web pages no matter how well you optimize and submit them. We list them here, before you get into all the search engine optimization tips, to hopefully save you from trying to list a site that that will be very difficult to get listed. Almost everything can be fixed or worked with one way or another before you submit. The most common problems are Sites that use:
» Frames.
» Dynamic URLs.
» Flash.
» Image Maps for navigation.
» Javascript for navigation.

Search Engine Optimization : Keywords

To get listed correctly in the search engines each page of your site that you want listed needs to be optimized to the best of your ability. Since the keywords that you decide to target will be used throughout the optimization process choosing the right keywords is essential. If you choose the wrong keywords you will not be found in the search engines. If you are not found in the search engines how will anyone find your site?

Since the keywords you choose to optimize your pages with are so important we have put together some tips to help you make sure that you make the right choices. You should utilize these tips when selecting keywords for each page that you plan to submit to the search engines.

» Think "specific keyword phrases" not "keywords". Why? Due to the extreme amount of competition for general terms in the search engines, if your keyword phrases are too general it is very unlikely you will rank well in the search engines. You stand a far better chance to rank well for specific phrases where there is less competition. The resulting traffic, since it is more highly targeted, should also be much higher quality too!

Here's an example for a site selling shoes:
Much Too General Much Better!

Belt - imported Italian belt

Men's shoes - Men's leather penny loafers

Women's swim suit - Women's aerobic swimming suit

» Try to think like your target audience. What would they search for when looking for the page you are optimizing? It is very easy to fall in the trap of coming up with a short list of what YOU would search for, but what about everyone else? They will not necessarily use the same keywords as you. You should try to come up with as many keyword phrases as you can think of that relate to the page you are optimizing. Try asking a few friends and family what they would search for when searching for a site like yours.

» Check out your competition for ideas. Do a search using keywords that you already know you want to target and click through on the top sites that come up. Once on the site view the source HTML code and view the keywords they have in their meta tags - this should give you many more ideas! Make sure to only use keywords that relate to YOUR site or page. To view the HTML code simply click the 'View' at the top of your web browser then select 'Source', or 'Page Source'.

»  You should develop a list of keyword phrases, following the tips on this page, for each page that you optimize for the search engines.


Search Engine Optimization : Title Tag

Without question the title tag of your page is the single most important factor to consider when optimizing your web page for the search engines. This is because most engines & directories place a high level of importance on keywords that are found in your title tag. The title tag is also what the search engines usually use for the title of your listing in the search results.

How it looks like:

Here's the title tag of this page:
<TITLE>Your Title Tag - learn to optimize your title tag</TITLE>

Where it belongs:

The correct placement for the title tag is between the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags within the HTML the makes up your page.

Tag limits :
We recommend that your title tag be between 50-80 characters long - including spaces! The length that the different search engines accept varies, but as long as you keep within this limit you should be ok.

Tag tips :
» We recommend that you include 1-2 of your most important keyword phrases in the title tag, BUT be careful not to just list keywords. If you just list keywords you risk being viewed as a spamming the engines which can ultimately lead to you being blacklisted by the search engines. Your title tag should include your keyword phrases while remaining as close to a readable sentence as possible to avoid any problems.
» Make your title enticing! Don't forget that even if you get that #1 listing in the search engines your listing still needs to say something that makes the surfer wants to clickthrough and visit your site.
» Since the length of your title tag could be a little long for some engines we suggest placing the keywords at the beginning of the tag when possible so that you do not risk having them cut off.
» Each page of your site should have it's own title tag with it's own keywords that related to the page that it appears on.


Search Engine Optimization : Meta Tags

Meta tags were originally created to help search engines find out important information about your page that they might have had difficulty determining otherwise. For example, related keywords or a description of the page itself.

Many people incorrectly believe that good meta tags are all that is needed to achieve good listings in the search engines, which is entirely incorrect.

While meta tags are usually always part of a well optimized page they are not the be all and end all of optimizing your pages. In the early days of the web people were able to get great listings from optimizing just their meta tags, but the increasing competition for good search engine listings eventually led to many people spamming the search engines with keyword stuffed meta tags. The result is that the engines have changed what they look at when they rank a web page.

The search engines now usually look at a combination of all the best search engine tips to determine your listings, not just your metas - some don't even look at them at all! What this means is that your page should have a combination of all our tips implemented on your page - not just meta tags. That being said, there are two meta tags that can help your search engine listings - meta keywords & meta description.

How they look like:
Description Meta:
<META NAME = "description" content = "This would be your description of what is on your page. Your most important keyword phrases should appear in this description.">
Keywords Meta:
<META NAME = "keywords" content = "keywords phrase 1, keyword phrase 2, keyword phrase 3, etc.">

Where they belong :
The correct placement for both meta tags is between the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags within the HTML the makes up your page. Their order does not really matter, but most people usually place the description first then the keywords meta.

Tag limits :
» We recommend that your Keywords Meta not exceed 1024 characters including spaces.
» We recommend that your Description Meta tag not exceed 250 characters including spaces.

Meta description :
» Make sure you accurately describe the content of your page while trying to entice visitors to click on your listing.
· Include 3-4 of your most important keyword phrases. Especially those used in your title tag and page copy.
» Try to have your most important keywords appear at the beginning of your description. This often brings better results, and will help avoid having any search engine cut off your keywords if they limit the length of your description.

Meta keywords :
» Aside from what we mention in the other tips below you should only use those keyword phrases that you also used in the copy of your page, title tag, meta description, and other tags. Any keywords phrases that you use that do not appear in your other tags or page copy are likely to not have enough prominence to help your listings for that phrase.
» Don't forget plurals. For example, a travel site might have both "Europe vacation" and "Europe vacations" in their keyword meta tag to make sure they show up in both searches.
» If you know of a common misspelling of a popular keyword that could be used to find your site you should enter it in your keywords meta tag. For example, a travel site might use "Europe " in their keyword meta since it is a common misspelling for "Europe".
» Watch out for repeats! You want to include your most important phrases, but when doing so it can be difficult not to repeat one word many times. For example, "Europe vacation" and "Europe vacations" are two different phrases, but the word "Europe" appears twice. This is okay to do in order to make sure you get the phrases you need in there, but be careful not to repeat any one word excessively. There in no actual limit, but we recommend that no one word be repeated in the keyword meta more than 5 times.
» If your site has content of interest to a specific geographic location be sure to include the actual location in your keyword meta.

Search Engine Optimization : Page Contents
The content on your page is also very important in order to achieve better search engine listings. Actually, it is very close to being as important as your title tag so make sure you keep reading! By ‘contents’ we mean the actual text that a visitor to your site would read.
Did you know that just like a visitor to your site would read the contents on your page to figure out what you have to offer, the search engines do too? And what do you think the search engines are looking for when they 'read' your page contents? Keyword phrases, of course!

Page text tips :
» For best results we recommend that each page you submit has at least 200 words of content on it. There is some cases where this much text can be difficult to put on a page, but the search engines really like it so you should do your best to increase the amount of content where you can.
» This text should include your most important keyword phrases, but should remain logical & readable.
» Be sure to use those phrases that you have used in your other tags (i.e. metas, alt, headings, title, etc.) during the Search Engine Optimization process.
» Add additional contents filled pages to your site. For example, how-to articles, tips or tutorials. These types of content pages not only help you in the search engines, but many other sites will link to them too.
» Don't ignore this tip! Seriously, optimizing your page content is one of the most important things you could possibly do to improve your listings in the search engines. So, make sure you have plenty of it even if you need to redesign your site to work it in!


Images "alt" Attribute :
Did you know that any images on your page can help your listings too? Each image on your page can include a keyword phrase or two that relates to the image. This text will also show up & help those that may have their images turned off when visiting your site. This does not work for all engines, but it certainly does not hurt so we recommend you give it a try where you can.

How it looks like :
<IMG SRC = "images/freetools.gif" width="10" height="10" alt = "Search Engine Optimization Tools">

Where it belongs :
You can add the "alt" attribute to any image on your page.

Tag limits :
We do not recommend using more than a brief sentence or two to describe an image.

Tag tips :
» Be sure to use the keyword phrases that you also used in the contents of your page, title tag, meta description, and other tags.
» Do not try to cram a bunch of keywords into the "alt" attribute. We recommend using no more than 2-3 per image.
» Describe the image - do not just list keywords.
» The "alt" attribute is also a good place for misspellings and plural keyword phrases that you may not have used elsewhere.


Search Engine Optimization : Text Hyperlinks
Did you know that text based hyperlinks can help improve your listing in the search engines? The search engines basically figure that if you are linking to something from your page whatever it is you are linking to is likely to be closely related to the content of your page. For that reason some of the engines actually look for keywords in the hyperlinks and any text immediately surrounding the hyperlinks. What this means to you is that if you can you should include your most important keyword phrases in the link itself and possibly the surrounding text.

How it looks like:
A text-based hyperlink is a standard HTML hyperlink like this one (the example link does not go anywhere).
<a href='http://www.manvish.com/eservices/seo1.htm'>Search Engine Optimization</a>

Tag tips :
» Try to include your most important keyword phrases within the hyperlink itself.
» Try to include your most important keyword phrases in the text that immediately preceeds, or follows the hyperlink.
» Be careful not to keyword stuff! Make sure your links and surrounding text are still readable and make sense after you include a keyword phrase or two.

Heading Tags
Although they are not used very frequently any longer HTML heading tags can help improve your listings in the search engines too. Since they are "headings" the search engines figure that they are very closely related to the content of the page that they appear on. So, just like with all of your other optimization efforts you should include your most important keyword phrases in heading tags on your page if you can.

How they look like :
HTML heading tags have 4 different sizes and are formatted as you see below.
<h1>Manvish Search Engine Optimization</h1>
<h2>Manvish Search Engine Optimization</h2>
<h3>Manvish Search Engine Optimization</h3>
<h4> Manvish Search Engine Optimization</h4>

Where they belong :
Headings can go anywhere within the HTML of your page.

Tag Tips :
Try to include your most important keyword phrases in heading tags on your page if you can.
Consider rethinking your page content. It is often very easy to take an existing page full of copy and find ways to break it up into separate sections with headings.

Search Engine Optimization : Anchor Text
The text of links is treated in a special way in our search engine. Most search engines associate the text of a link with the page that the link is on. In addition, we associate it with the page the link points to. This has several advantages. First, anchors often provide more accurate descriptions of web pages than the pages themselves. Second, anchors may exist for documents which cannot be indexed by a text-based search engine, such as images, programs, and databases. This makes it possible to return web pages which have not actually been crawled. Note that pages that have not been crawled can cause problems, since they are never checked for validity before being returned to the user. In this case, the search engine can even return a page that never actually existed, but had hyperlinks pointing to it. However, it is possible to sort the results, so that this particular problem rarely happens.

This idea of propagating anchor text to the page it refers to was implemented in the World Wide Web Worm [McBryan 94] especially because it helps search non-text information, and expands the search coverage with fewer downloaded documents. We use anchor propagation mostly because anchor text can help provide better quality results. Using anchor text efficiently is technically difficult because of the large amounts of data which must be processed. In our current crawl of 24 million pages, we had over 259 million anchors which we indexed.

Other Features:
Aside from PageRank and the use of anchor text, Google has several other features. First, it has location information for all hits and so it makes extensive use of proximity in search. Second, Google keeps track of some visual presentation details such as font size of words. Words in a larger or bolder font are weighted higher than other words. Third, full raw HTML of pages is available in a repository.

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Things to be avoided while Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
(Spamming the search engines)

There are several things, considered "spamming", that you can do to try to get your page listed higher on a search engine results page. Basically, you should never try to trick a search engine in any way, or you risk being blacklisted by them. Since the majority of your traffic will come from search engines the risk far outweighs the benefits in the long run. Below is a list of the more common things we recommend that you never do when trying to achieve better listings.

Avoid:
» Doing anything to trick the search engines into listing your site better. If what you are doing is not listed as one of our search engine tips the search engines will likely view it as spam and penalize you.
» Listing keywords anywhere except in your keywords meta tag. By "list" we mean something like - keyword 1, keyword 2, keyword 3, keyword 4, etc. There are very few legitimate reasons that a list of keywords would actually appear on a web page or within the page's HTML code and the search engines know this. While you may have a legitimate reason for doing this we would recommend avoiding it so that you do not risk being penalized by the search engines.
» Using the same color text on your page as the page's background color. This has often been used to keyword stuff a web page. Search engines can detect this and view it as spam.
» Using multiple instances of the same tag. For example, using more than one title tag. Search engines can detect this and view it as spam.
» Submitting identical pages. For example, do not duplicate a page of your site, give the copies different file names, and submit each one. Search engines can detect this and view it as spam.
» Submitting the same page to any engine more than once within 24hrs.
» Using any keywords in your keywords meta tag that do not directly relate to the content of your page.

Note:
But understand that things are changing, and that what is a trick allowed today will be blacklisted tomorrow. It is better to focus on "honest page" Search Engine Optimization than waste your time on something that will need to be abandoned soon.
These are general guidelines that may vary from search engine to search engine:

» Keywords should be relevant, applicable, and clearly associated with page body content.
» Keywords should be used as allowed and accepted by the search engines (placement, color, etc.)
» Keywords should not be utilized too many times on a page (frequency, density, distribution, etc.)
» Redirection technology (if used) should facilitate and improve the user experience. But understand that this is almost always considered a trick and is frequently a cause for removal from an index.
» Redirection technology (if used) should always display a page where the body content contains the appropriate keywords (no bait and switch).
» Redirection technology (if used) may not alter the URL (redirect), affect the browser BACK button (cause a loop), or display page information that is not the property of the site owner or allowed by agreement without sound technical justification (ie, language redirects).
» Pages should not be submitted to the search engines too frequently.

NOTE: To be fair, each search engine must support at least the Robots Exclusion Standard. This is not always the case, but it should be.

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